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analyse acf5664a4a 将内容添加到空仓库 преди 8 години
finalseg acf5664a4a 将内容添加到空仓库 преди 8 години
posseg acf5664a4a 将内容添加到空仓库 преди 8 години
Changelog acf5664a4a 将内容添加到空仓库 преди 8 години
LICENSE acf5664a4a 将内容添加到空仓库 преди 8 години
README.md acf5664a4a 将内容添加到空仓库 преди 8 години
__init__.py acf5664a4a 将内容添加到空仓库 преди 8 години
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README.md

jieba

"结巴"中文分词:做最好的Python中文分词组件 "Jieba" (Chinese for "to stutter") Chinese text segmentation: built to be the best Python Chinese word segmentation module.

  • Scroll down for English documentation.

Feature

  • 支持三种分词模式:

    • 精确模式,试图将句子最精确地切开,适合文本分析;
    • 全模式,把句子中所有的可以成词的词语都扫描出来, 速度非常快,但是不能解决歧义;
    • 搜索引擎模式,在精确模式的基础上,对长词再次切分,提高召回率,适合用于搜索引擎分词。
  • 支持繁体分词

  • 支持自定义词典

在线演示

http://jiebademo.ap01.aws.af.cm/

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网站代码:https://github.com/fxsjy/jiebademo

Python 2.x 下的安装

  • 全自动安装:easy_install jieba 或者 pip install jieba
  • 半自动安装:先下载http://pypi.python.org/pypi/jieba/ ,解压后运行python setup.py install
  • 手动安装:将jieba目录放置于当前目录或者site-packages目录
  • 通过import jieba 来引用

Python 3.x 下的安装

  • 目前master分支是只支持Python2.x 的
  • Python3.x 版本的分支也已经基本可用: https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/tree/jieba3k

    git clone https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba.git
    git checkout jieba3k
    python setup.py install
    

Algorithm

  • 基于Trie树结构实现高效的词图扫描,生成句子中汉字所有可能成词情况所构成的有向无环图(DAG)
  • 采用了动态规划查找最大概率路径, 找出基于词频的最大切分组合
  • 对于未登录词,采用了基于汉字成词能力的HMM模型,使用了Viterbi算法

功能 1):分词

  • jieba.cut方法接受两个输入参数: 1) 第一个参数为需要分词的字符串 2)cut_all参数用来控制是否采用全模式
  • jieba.cut_for_search方法接受一个参数:需要分词的字符串,该方法适合用于搜索引擎构建倒排索引的分词,粒度比较细
  • 注意:待分词的字符串可以是gbk字符串、utf-8字符串或者unicode
  • jieba.cut以及jieba.cut_for_search返回的结构都是一个可迭代的generator,可以使用for循环来获得分词后得到的每一个词语(unicode),也可以用list(jieba.cut(...))转化为list

代码示例( 分词 )

#encoding=utf-8
import jieba

seg_list = jieba.cut("我来到北京清华大学", cut_all=True)
print "Full Mode:", "/ ".join(seg_list)  # 全模式

seg_list = jieba.cut("我来到北京清华大学", cut_all=False)
print "Default Mode:", "/ ".join(seg_list)  # 精确模式

seg_list = jieba.cut("他来到了网易杭研大厦")  # 默认是精确模式
print ", ".join(seg_list)

seg_list = jieba.cut_for_search("小明硕士毕业于中国科学院计算所,后在日本京都大学深造")  # 搜索引擎模式
print ", ".join(seg_list)

Output:

【全模式】: 我/ 来到/ 北京/ 清华/ 清华大学/ 华大/ 大学

【精确模式】: 我/ 来到/ 北京/ 清华大学

【新词识别】:他, 来到, 了, 网易, 杭研, 大厦    (此处,“杭研”并没有在词典中,但是也被Viterbi算法识别出来了)

【搜索引擎模式】: 小明, 硕士, 毕业, 于, 中国, 科学, 学院, 科学院, 中国科学院, 计算, 计算所, 后, 在, 日本, 京都, 大学, 日本京都大学, 深造

功能 2) :添加自定义词典

  • 开发者可以指定自己自定义的词典,以便包含jieba词库里没有的词。虽然jieba有新词识别能力,但是自行添加新词可以保证更高的正确率
  • 用法: jieba.load_userdict(file_name) # file_name为自定义词典的路径
  • 词典格式和dict.txt一样,一个词占一行;每一行分三部分,一部分为词语,另一部分为词频,最后为词性(可省略),用空格隔开
  • 范例:

  • "通过用户自定义词典来增强歧义纠错能力" --- https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/issues/14

功能 3) :关键词提取

  • jieba.analyse.extract_tags(sentence,topK) #需要先import jieba.analyse
  • setence为待提取的文本
  • topK为返回几个TF/IDF权重最大的关键词,默认值为20

代码示例 (关键词提取)

https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/blob/master/test/extract_tags.py

功能 4) : 词性标注

  • 标注句子分词后每个词的词性,采用和ictclas兼容的标记法
  • 用法示例

    >>> import jieba.posseg as pseg
    >>> words = pseg.cut("我爱北京天安门")
    >>> for w in words:
    ...    print w.word, w.flag
    ...
    我 r
    爱 v
    北京 ns
    天安门 ns
    

功能 5) : 并行分词

  • 原理:将目标文本按行分隔后,把各行文本分配到多个python进程并行分词,然后归并结果,从而获得分词速度的可观提升
  • 基于python自带的multiprocessing模块,目前暂不支持windows
  • 用法:

    • jieba.enable_parallel(4) # 开启并行分词模式,参数为并行进程数
    • jieba.disable_parallel() # 关闭并行分词模式
  • 例子:

    https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/blob/master/test/parallel/test_file.py
    
  • 实验结果:在4核3.4GHz Linux机器上,对金庸全集进行精确分词,获得了1MB/s的速度,是单进程版的3.3倍。

功能 6) : Tokenize:返回词语在原文的起始位置

  • 注意,输入参数只接受unicode
  • 默认模式

    result = jieba.tokenize(u'永和服装饰品有限公司')
    for tk in result:
    print "word %s\t\t start: %d \t\t end:%d" % (tk[0],tk[1],tk[2])
    
    word 永和                start: 0                end:2
    word 服装                start: 2                end:4
    word 饰品                start: 4                end:6
    word 有限公司            start: 6                end:10
    
    
  • 搜索模式

    result = jieba.tokenize(u'永和服装饰品有限公司',mode='search')
    for tk in result:
    print "word %s\t\t start: %d \t\t end:%d" % (tk[0],tk[1],tk[2])
    
    word 永和                start: 0                end:2
    word 服装                start: 2                end:4
    word 饰品                start: 4                end:6
    word 有限                start: 6                end:8
    word 公司                start: 8                end:10
    word 有限公司            start: 6                end:10
    

功能 7) : ChineseAnalyzer for Whoosh搜索引擎

其他词典

  1. 占用内存较小的词典文件 https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/raw/master/extra_dict/dict.txt.small

  2. 支持繁体分词更好的词典文件 https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/raw/master/extra_dict/dict.txt.big

下载你所需要的词典,然后覆盖jieba/dict.txt 即可或者用jieba.set_dictionary('data/dict.txt.big')

模块初始化机制的改变:lazy load (从0.28版本开始)

jieba采用延迟加载,"import jieba"不会立即触发词典的加载,一旦有必要才开始加载词典构建trie。如果你想手工初始jieba,也可以手动初始化。

import jieba
jieba.initialize()  # 手动初始化(可选)

在0.28之前的版本是不能指定主词典的路径的,有了延迟加载机制后,你可以改变主词典的路径:

jieba.set_dictionary('data/dict.txt.big')

例子: https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/blob/master/test/test_change_dictpath.py

分词速度

  • 1.5 MB / Second in Full Mode
  • 400 KB / Second in Default Mode
  • Test Env: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2600 CPU @ 3.4GHz;《围城》.txt

常见问题

1)模型的数据是如何生成的?https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/issues/7

2)这个库的授权是? https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/issues/2

更多问题请点击:https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/issues?sort=updated&state=closed

Change Log

https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/blob/master/Changelog

jieba

"Jieba" (Chinese for "to stutter") Chinese text segmentation: built to be the best Python Chinese word segmentation module.

Features

  • Support three types of segmentation mode:
  • 1) Accurate Mode, attempt to cut the sentence into the most accurate segmentation, which is suitable for text analysis;
  • 2) Full Mode, break the words of the sentence into words scanned
  • 3) Search Engine Mode, based on the Accurate Mode, with an attempt to cut the long words into several short words, which can enhance the recall rate

Usage

  • Fully automatic installation: easy_install jieba or pip install jieba
  • Semi-automatic installation: Download http://pypi.python.org/pypi/jieba/ , after extracting run python setup.py install
  • Manutal installation: place the jieba directory in the current directory or python site-packages directory.
  • Use import jieba to import, which will first build the Trie tree only on first import (takes a few seconds).

Algorithm

  • Based on the Trie tree structure to achieve efficient word graph scanning; sentences using Chinese characters constitute a directed acyclic graph (DAG)
  • Employs memory search to calculate the maximum probability path, in order to identify the maximum tangential points based on word frequency combination
  • For unknown words, the character position HMM-based model is used, using the Viterbi algorithm

Function 1): cut

  • The jieba.cut method accepts to input parameters: 1) the first parameter is the string that requires segmentation, and the 2) second parameter is cut_all, a parameter used to control the segmentation pattern.
  • jieba.cut returned structure is an iterative generator, where you can use a for loop to get the word segmentation (in unicode), or list(jieba.cut( ... )) to create a list.
  • jieba.cut_for_search accpets only on parameter: the string that requires segmentation, and it will cut the sentence into short words

Code example: segmentation

#encoding=utf-8
import jieba

seg_list = jieba.cut("我来到北京清华大学", cut_all=True)
print "Full Mode:", "/ ".join(seg_list)  # 全模式

seg_list = jieba.cut("我来到北京清华大学", cut_all=False)
print "Default Mode:", "/ ".join(seg_list)  # 默认模式

seg_list = jieba.cut("他来到了网易杭研大厦")
print ", ".join(seg_list)

seg_list = jieba.cut_for_search("小明硕士毕业于中国科学院计算所,后在日本京都大学深造")  # 搜索引擎模式
print ", ".join(seg_list)

Output:

[Full Mode]: 我/ 来到/ 北京/ 清华/ 清华大学/ 华大/ 大学

[Accurate Mode]: 我/ 来到/ 北京/ 清华大学

[Unknown Words Recognize] 他, 来到, 了, 网易, 杭研, 大厦    (In this case, "杭研" is not in the dictionary, but is identified by the Viterbi algorithm)

[Search Engine Mode]: 小明, 硕士, 毕业, 于, 中国, 科学, 学院, 科学院, 中国科学院, 计算, 计算所, 后, 在

, 日本, 京都, 大学, 日本京都大学, 深造

Function 2): Add a custom dictionary

  • Developers can specify their own custom dictionary to include in the jieba thesaurus. jieba has the ability to identify new words, but adding your own new words can ensure a higher rate of correct segmentation.
  • Usage: jieba.load_userdict(file_name) # file_name is a custom dictionary path
  • The dictionary format is the same as that of analyse/idf.txt: one word per line; each line is divided into two parts, the first is the word itself, the other is the word frequency, separated by a space
  • Example:

    云计算 5
    李小福 2
    创新办 3
    
    之前: 李小福 / 是 / 创新 / 办 / 主任 / 也 / 是 / 云 / 计算 / 方面 / 的 / 专家 /
    
    加载自定义词库后: 李小福 / 是 / 创新办 / 主任 / 也 / 是 / 云计算 / 方面 / 的 / 专家 /
    

Function 3): Keyword Extraction

  • jieba.analyse.extract_tags(sentence,topK) # needs to first import jieba.analyse
  • setence: the text to be extracted
  • topK: To return several TF / IDF weights for the biggest keywords, the default value is 20

Code sample (keyword extraction)

https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/blob/master/test/extract_tags.py

Using Other Dictionaries

It is possible to supply Jieba with your own custom dictionary, and there are also two dictionaries readily available for download:

  1. You can employ a smaller dictionary for a smaller memory footprint: https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/raw/master/extra_dict/dict.txt.small

  2. There is also a bigger file that has better support for traditional characters (繁體): https://github.com/fxsjy/jieba/raw/master/extra_dict/dict.txt.big

By default, an in-between dictionary is used, called dict.txt and included in the distribution.

In either case, download the file you want first, and then call jieba.set_dictionary('data/dict.txt.big') or just replace the existing dict.txt.

Initialization

By default, Jieba employs lazy loading to only build the trie once it is necessary. This takes 1-3 seconds once, after which it is not initialized again. If you want to initialize Jieba manually, you can call:

import jieba
jieba.initialize()  # (optional)

You can also specify the dictionary (not supported before version 0.28) :

jieba.set_dictionary('data/dict.txt.big')

Segmentation speed

  • 1.5 MB / Second in Full Mode
  • 400 KB / Second in Default Mode
  • Test Env: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2600 CPU @ 3.4GHz;《围城》.txt

Online demo

http://jiebademo.ap01.aws.af.cm/

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